Black+family+Values

__**Where it Started**__
As early as the eighteenth century, African Americans have been deemed the lowest race of mankind. Europeans established an inferior/superior society after migrating to America. Europeans began to send Africans to American as indentured servants. Indentured servants are contracted workers that work to clear the debt of their voyage and are normally freed after five to seven years. When indentured servitude was first introduced, there were black and white indentured servants, but it changed because they felt that blacks were too close to their socio-class.

__**Lack of Civil Rights**__
After slavery, America created the black laws. These laws were created to keep control of African Americans and prohibited citizenship. Soon, African Americans grew tired of the way of life. They begin to fight for their civil rights. They wanted to vote, to have educational rights, and to have equal respect as their white counterparts. Back then, every public institution was segregated. Black men lost their right to vote due to politicians creating numerous obstructions to prevent black men from voting (3). They implemented poll taxes, averaging around $2. The government knew that blacks could not afford this. They also created literacy test, but It was the registrar’s discretion if they passed or not. Some went as far as making them read a book in Mandarin because they knew that they could not pass (9). Some had advanced math problems or basic literacy skills that blacks weren't taught.



__**Lack of Education**__
Not to mention, Historically Black Colleges and Universities face difficulties in the modern day. Many of them do not receive funds from the federal government, forcing them to become private, in order to stay open. Because of this, HBCU’s tend to charge more for their tuition. On a positive note, the faculty-student relationships are much stronger, even with the struggle of keeping their accreditation. Majority of the professors are HBCU educated and have a mutual understanding of the obstacles that these schools face. Many of these schools lose their accreditation due to low enrollment or low retention rates as a result of many students not being able to afford to stay. Depending on the field of study, some jobs do not recognize the credentials gained from HBCU’s. They do not believe that these people have received sufficient or equal education as the PWI’s (predominantly white institutions). This is not true, and it is one of the problems that alumni are troubled with.

__**Mass Incarceration**__ The system has kept Blacks inferior by mass incarceration. There was a study conducted at Riker’s island, a prison, in New York. It is a very large prison, some compare it to being its own city. It houses women, babies, teens, and men. To see the bigger picture, it has its own power plant. Ninety percent of the entire prison population was Black (Wynn). According to Wynn, less than twenty five percent are incarcerated for violent offenses. Many of them have not been charged or taken to trial, yet. It costs an average New Yorker $80,000 to house an inmate for a year. It costs around $15,000 to send an average college student to school for a year. The cost to house a prisoner is nearly enough to send five people to college to earn a degree. If they invest this money back into the economy, it could possibly reduce the income inequality as well as reverse the cycle. Unfortunately, in most cases, it does not result in success. Many of the people being released into society are either institutionalized or lack proper training for a career or trade and they fall back into the cycle of survival regardless of the actions that have to be taken. With the change of tax funds, the money could go into a new direction. Most of these people housed at Riker’s are impoverished people with children and are incarcerated for drug offenses. If these people are educated with a trade they would have more sources of income. They are uneducated with no work experience and turn to selling illegal substances. Many of these children are then forced to fend for themselves while the parent, the sole provider, is locked away(4).



__**Fate**__
As a result of this oppression, even in the 21st century, black lives are not as important as the rest. There are still incidents of inequality. 200 years later, in a minority vs majority society, it is hard for the advancement of black people as a whole. Three black women deided to creat the black lives matter movement. This movement was because of the increased number of police brutality. Starting in 2012, the number of black men being murdered by police increased dramatically (1). Not as many as the 1960’s and before but it happened at an “alarming rate” (9). These men were defenseless. Even though this is not something that Black wanted, it created unity. This is not the same as the civil rights movement although they are fighting for the same thing. Although, death is inevitable, blacks are more likely to die from certain causes than white people. For example Black people are three times more likely to die from asthma than white people. Most of these cases are from those living in poverty, some with mold present in home or roach infested homes. This inst the case for all but for most. Black are also more likely to die from hypertension and diabetes.

If time permits- watch this documentary from 1986

@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9BKXQ8ROlw

=__**References**__= [1] Alang, Sirry, et al. “Police Brutality and Black Health: Setting the Agenda for Public Health Scholars.” //American Journal of Public Health//, vol. 107, no. 5, May 2017, pp. 662–665. //CINAHL Plus with Full Text//, EBSCOhost, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. [2] ANNETTE, GORDON-REED. "Focusing on Slaves as Well as on Slavery." // Early American Literature //, no. 2, 2012, p. 451. EBSCO // host //, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.41705674&site=eds-live&scope=site. [3] Conklin, Wendy. //Civil Rights Movement//. Huntington Beach, CA, Teacher Created Materials, 2008. //EBook Collection//, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=259959&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. [4] Cheng, Tyrone, et al. “Racial Disparities in Welfare Dependence and Financial Independence: Links to Human Capital, Local Economy, and State Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Policies.” //Journal of Social Service Research//, vol. 43, no. 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 69–84. //PsycINFO//, EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/01488376.2016.1235070. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. [5]Lasner, Lynn Fabian. “Fighting Jim Crow.” //Humanities//, vol. 23, no. 5, Sept. 2002, p. 46. //MasterFILE Elite//, EBSCOhost, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fth&AN=7481890&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. [6] Martin, Tony. “Brothers and Strangers: Black Zion, Black Slavery, 1914-1940.” //The Journal of African American History//, no. 4, 2005, p. 436. //Edsglr//, EBSCOhost, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsgcl.143225033&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017. [7] Rickford, Russell. "Black Lives Matter." // New Labor Forum (Sage Publications Inc.) //, vol. 25, no. 1, Winter2016, pp. 34-42. EBSCO // host //, doi:10.1177/1095796015620171 [8] Rouse, Jacqueline. Fall 2017, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. Lecture. [9] Troka, Donna and Dorcas Adedoja. "The Challenges of Teaching about the Black Lives Matter Movement: A Dialogue." Radical Teacher, no. 106, Fall2016, pp. 47-56. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=120046607&site=eds-live&scope=site. Wynn, Jennifer R. “INSIDE RIKERS: The Social Impact of Mass Incaceration in the Twenty-First Century.” //Judges' Journal//, vol. 51, no. 4, 2012, pp. 23–27. //Academic Search Complete//, EBSCOhost, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=84200622&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 7 Nov. 2017.